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Microbial species capable of degrading plastics are known to science, some of which are potentially useful for disposal of certain classes of plastic waste.

Household items made of various types of plastics Plastics are a wide Auswahl of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be molded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide Warenangebot of other properties, such as being lightweight, durable, flexible, and inexpensive to produce, has Lumineszenzdiode to their widespread use.

Plastic compounding scheme for a thermosoftening material Plastic is not sold as a pure unadulterated substance, but is instead mixed with various chemicals and other materials, which are collectively known as additives. These are added during the compounding stage and include substances such as stabilizers, plasticizers and dyes, which are intended to improve the lifespan, workability or appearance of the final item.

A number of additives identified as hazardous to humans and/or the environment are regulated internationally. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact hinein the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or on the environment.[2]

Aramids: best known for their use rein making body armor, this class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers are also used hinein aerospace and military applications, includes Kevlar and Nomex, and Twaron.

Plastics are produced in chemical plants by the polymerization of their starting materials (monomers); which are almost always petrochemical hinein nature. Such facilities are normally large and are visually similar to oil refineries, with sprawling pipework running throughout. The large size of these plants allows them to exploit economies of scale.

Historically, Europe and North America have dominated global plastics production. However, since 2010 Asia has emerged as a significant producer, with China accounting for 31% of total plastic resin production hinein 2020.[29] Regional differences hinein the volume of plastics production are driven by user demand, the price of fossil fuel feedstocks, and investments made in the petrochemical industry.

The concentrations of most additives are usually quite low, however high levels can be added to create Masterbatch products. The additives hinein these are concentrated but lautlos properly dispersed rein the host resin.

Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives.[1]

In 2023, plasticosis, a new disease caused solely by plastics, was discovered rein seabirds. The birds identified as having the disease have scarred digestive tracts from ingesting plastic waste.

Hazardous molds have been found aboard space stations that degrade rubber into a digestible form.[97]

here Refill (scheme) – British environmental campaignPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

Chemical structures and uses of some common plastics Around 70% of global production is concentrated hinein six major polymer types, the so-called commodity plastics. Unlike most other plastics these can often Beryllium identified by their resin identification code (RIC):

Rein around 1600 BC, Mesoamericans used natural rubber for balls, bands, and figurines.[4] Treated cattle horns were used as windows for lanterns in the Middle Ages. Materials that mimicked the properties of horns were developed by treating milk proteins with lye. In the nineteenth century, as chemistry developed during the Industrial Revolution, many materials were reported. The development of plastics accelerated with Charles Goodyear's 1839 discovery of vulcanization to harden natural rubber.

A huge number of plastics exist beyond the commodity plastics, with many having exceptional properties.